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　　三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報道

精彩|　　中??(zhong)國??(guo)文??(wen)明??(ming)形??(xing)成??(cheng)和??(he)早??(zao)期??(qi)國??(guo)家??(jia)建??(jian)立??(li)后??(hou)??，偃?(yan)師??(shi)二?(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)、尸??(shi)鄉(xiāng)??(xiang)溝?(gou)和??(he)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)洛??(luo)邑??(yi)所??(suo)在??(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)曾??(zeng)長??(chang)期??(qi)是?(shi)夏??(xia)、商??(shang)、周??(zhou)三?(san)個??(ge)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政?(zheng)治??(zhi)、經(jīng)??(jing)濟??(ji)、軍?(jun)事??(shi)、文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)心?(xin)和?(he)水??(shui)陸??(lu)交??(jiao)通??(tong)樞??(shu)紐??(niu)之??(zhi)地??(di)??。??司??(si)馬??(ma)遷??(qian)在??(zai)《史??(shi)記??(ji)·封??(feng)禪??(chan)書??(shu)》中??(zhong)明??(ming)確??(que)寫??(xie)到??(dao)：“昔??(xi)三??(san)代??(dai)之??(zhi)居??(ju)??，皆??(jie)在??(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)之??(zhi)間??(jian)”??。伊??(yi)洛??(luo)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)為??(wei)夏??(xia)代??(dai)的??(de)中??(zhong)心??(xin)區(qū)??(qu)域??(yu)??，不??(bu)僅??(jin)見??(jian)于??(yu)文??(wen)獻??(xian)記??(ji)載??(zai)??，也??(ye)從??(cong)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)上?(shang)得??(de)到??(dao)了??(le)二??(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)文??(wen)化??(hua)和??(he)二??(er)里??(li)頭?(tou)遺??(yi)址?(zhi)有??(you)說??(shuo)服??(fu)力??(li)的??(de)印??(yin)證??(zheng)??。從??(cong)夏??(xia)到??(dao)周??(zhou)??，從??(cong)西??(xi)周??(zhou)時??(shi)期??(qi)青??(qing)銅??(tong)器??(qi)何??(he)尊??(zun)銘??(ming)文??(wen)“宅??(zhai)茲??(zi)中??(zhong)國??(guo)??，自??(zi)之??(zhi)乂??(yi)民??(min)”及??(ji)《逸??(yi)周??(zhou)書??(shu)·作??(zuo)雒??(luo)》“作??(zuo)大??(da)邑??(yi)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)于?(yu)土??(tu)中??(zhong)”??，《史??(shi)記??(ji)·周??(zhou)本??(ben)紀??(ji)》所??(suo)記??(ji)洛??(luo)邑??(yi)“乃??(nai)天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)??，四??(si)方??(fang)入??(ru)貢??(gong)道??(dao)里??(li)均??(jun)”等??(deng)記??(ji)載??(zai)??，可?(ke)以??(yi)確??(que)知??(zhi)??，西??(xi)周??(zhou)初??(chu)期??(qi)??，河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)已?(yi)經(jīng)??(jing)逐??(zhu)漸??(jian)成??(cheng)為??(wei)西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)中??(zhong)心??(xin)和??(he)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”、由??(you)此??(ci)可??(ke)見??(jian)??，絕??(jue)大??(da)多??(duo)數(shù)??(shu)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)者??(zhe)將??(jiang)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)視??(shi)為??(wei)“最?(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)中??(zhong)心??(xin)區(qū)??(qu)域??(yu)??，是??(shi)頗??(po)有??(you)一??(yi)定??(ding)的秘(de)道??(dao)理??(li)的?(de)???！　?jù)??(ju)《國??(guo)語??(yu)·鄭?(zheng)語??(yu)》記??(ji)載??(zai)??，一??(yi)直??(zhi)到??(dao)西??(xi)周??(zhou)末??(mo)年??(nian)鄭??(zheng)國?(guo)東??(dong)遷??(qian)前??(qian)夕??(xi)??，史??(shi)伯??(bo)縱??(zong)論??(lun)天??(tian)下??(xia)形?(xing)勢??(shi)??，仍??(reng)以??(yi)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)為??(wei)天??(tian)下??(xia)中??(zhong)心??(xin)??，在??(zai)廣??(guang)大??(da)的??(de)四??(si)方??(fang)??，則?(ze)散??(san)布??(bu)著?(zhe)經(jīng)??(jing)過??(guo)分??(fen)封??(feng)的??(de)“王??(wang)之??(zhi)支??(zhi)子??(zi)母??(mu)弟??(di)甥??(sheng)舅??(jiu)”之??(zhi)國??(guo)和??(he)蠻??(man)、荊??(jing)、戎??(rong)、狄??(di)等??(deng)族??(zu)類??(lei)??，形??(xing)成??(cheng)了??(le)華??(hua)夏?(xia)與??(yu)戎??(rong)狄??(di)雜??(za)居??(ju)相??(xiang)處??(chu)的?(de)局??(ju)面??(mian)??。?但??(dan)《詩??(shi)經(jīng)??(jing)·大??(da)雅??(ya)·民??(min)勞??(lao)》說??(shuo)：“惠??(hui)此??(ci)中?(zhong)國??(guo)??，以?(yi)綏??(sui)四??(si)方?(fang)”??。《公??(gong)羊??(yang)傳??(chuan)·僖?(xi)公??(gong)四??(si)年??(nian)》說??(shuo)：“南??(nan)夷??(yi)與??(yu)北??(bei)狄??(di)交秘(jiao)??，中?(zhong)國??(guo)不??(bu)絕?(jue)若??(ruo)線??(xian)???！憋@??(xian)然??(ran)??，隨??(sui)著?(zhe)民??(min)族??(zu)融?(rong)合??(he)的??(de)進??(jin)一??(yi)步??(bu)加??(jia)強??(qiang)與??(yu)華??(hua)夏?(xia)民?(min)族??(zu)共??(gong)同??(tong)體??(ti)范??(fan)圍??(wei)不??(bu)斷??(duan)擴??(kuo)大??(da)??，東??(dong)周??(zhou)時?(shi)期??(qi)的??(de)“中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)范??(fan)圍??(wei)也??(ye)不??(bu)斷??(duan)發(fā)??(fa)生??(sheng)變??(bian)化??(hua)??，但??(dan)在??(zai)古??(gu)代??(dai)文?(wen)獻?(xian)中??(zhong)??，“中??(zhong)國??(guo)”與??(yu)“四??(si)方??(fang)”相??(xiang)對??(dui)??，與??(yu)“南??(nan)夷?(yi)”“北??(bei)狄?(di)”相??(xiang)互??(hu)??，顯??(xian)然祝(ran)??，此??(ci)時??(shi)的??(de)中?(zhong)國??(guo)仍??(reng)然??(ran)指??(zhi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)中??(zhong)心??(xin)和??(he)華?(hua)夏??(xia)族??(zu)相??(xiang)對??(dui)集??(ji)中??(zhong)的??(de)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)???？??(zong)之??(zhi)??，考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)者??(zhe)較??(jiao)為??(wei)普??(pu)遍??(bian)地??(di)將??(jiang)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”確??(que)定??(ding)在??(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)??，是??(shi)有??(you)一??(yi)定??(ding)說??(shuo)服??(fu)力??(li)的??(de)歷??(li)史??(shi)依??(yi)據(jù)??(ju)的??(de)??。

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