三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報(bào)道
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近??(jin)年??(nian)來??(lai)??，“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”是??(shi)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)?(xue)界??(jie)使??(shi)用??(yong)較??(jiao)為??(wei)頻??(pin)繁??(fan)且??(qie)爭(zhēng)??(zheng)議??(yi)較??(jiao)大??(da)的??(de)語(yǔ)??(yu)匯??(hui)??。??分??(fen)歧??(qi)的??(de)主??(zhu)要??(yao)原?(yuan)因??(yin)在??(zai)于??(yu)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者?(zhe)對(duì)??(dui)“最??(zui)早?(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”關(guān)??(guan)注??(zhu)的??(de)角??(jiao)度??(du)和??(he)使??(shi)用??(yong)的??(de)標(biāo)?(biao)準(zhǔn)??(zhun)差??(cha)異??(yi)明??(ming)顯??(xian)??。目??(mu)前??(qian)對(duì)??(dui)應(yīng)??(ying)考??(kao)古??(gu)資??(zi)料??(liao)??，中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)?(xue)界??(jie)對(duì)??(dui)“最?(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”概??(gai)念??(nian)的??(de)理??(li)解??(jie)仍??(reng)存??(cun)在?(zai)較??(jiao)大??(da)分??(fen)歧??(qi)??。比?(bi)如??(ru)??，孫??(sun)慶??(qing)偉?(wei)先??(xian)生??(sheng)認(rèn)??(ren)為?(wei)??，從?(cong)何??(he)尊??(zun)銘??(ming)文??(wen)“宅??(zhai)茲?(zi)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”出秘(chu)發(fā)??(fa)??，追??(zhui)溯??(su)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的?(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”??，必??(bi)須??(xu)回?(hui)歸?(gui)到??(dao)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)層??(ceng)面?(mian)來??(lai)思?(si)考?(kao)??，必??(bi)須??(xu)圍?(wei)繞??(rao)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)華??(hua)夏??(xia)文??(wen)明??(ming)這??(zhe)個(gè)??(ge)核??(he)心??(xin)來??(lai)探??(tan)討??(tao)??。所??(suo)謂??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”??，實(shí)??(shi)際??(ji)上??(shang)就??(jiu)是??(shi)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)華??(hua)夏??(xia)文??(wen)明??(ming)的??(de)最??(zui)早??(zao)凸??(tu)顯??(xian)??。黃??(huang)帝??(di)及?(ji)其??(qi)部?(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)代??(dai)表?(biao)了??(le)華?(hua)夏??(xia)文??(wen)明??(ming)的??(de)最??(zui)初??(chu)自??(zi)覺??(jiao)??，標(biāo)??(biao)志??(zhi)著??(zhe)“中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”觀??(guan)念??(nian)的??(de)萌??(meng)芽??(ya)??，是??(shi)真??(zhen)正??(zheng)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的?(de)“最?(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中?(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”??。張??(zhang)國(guó)??(guo)碩??(shuo)先??(xian)生??(sheng)則??(ze)認(rèn)??(ren)為??(wei)??，探??(tan)討??(tao)何??(he)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”??，應(yīng)??(ying)具??(ju)備??(bei)位??(wei)于??(yu)黃?(huang)河??(he)流??(liu)域??(yu)、進(jìn)??(jin)入??(ru)早??(zao)期??(qi)國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)、文??(wen)化??(hua)地??(di)位??(wei)占??(zhan)據(jù)??(ju)優(yōu)??(you)勢(shì)??(shi)等??(deng)三??(san)項(xiàng)??(xiang)基??(ji)本?(ben)條??(tiao)件??(jian)??。綜??(zong)上??(shang)可??(ke)知??(zhi)??，“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”基??(ji)本??(ben)是??(shi)由??(you)考??(kao)古?(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)提??(ti)出?(chu)、使??(shi)用??(yong)并??(bing)在??(zai)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)界??(jie)長(zhǎng)??(chang)期?(qi)聚??(ju)訟?(song)不??(bu)止??(zhi)???？??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)對(duì)??(dui)“最?(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”關(guān)??(guan)注??(zhu)的??(de)角??(jiao)度?(du)和??(he)使??(shi)用??(yong)的??(de)標(biāo)??(biao)準(zhǔn)??(zhun)頗??(po)為??(wei)懸??(xuan)殊?(shu)??，所??(suo)以??(yi)得??(de)出??(chu)的??(de)結(jié)??(jie)論??(lun)??，自??(zi)然??(ran)也??(ye)各??(ge)不??(bu)相??(xiang)同??(tong)???！ ∥??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)建??(jian)立??(li)??，通??(tong)過??(guo)對(duì)??(dui)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)持??(chi)續(xù)??(xu)大??(da)規(guī)??(gui)模?(mo)的?(de)軍??(jun)事??(shi)征?(zheng)服??(fu)以?(yi)及??(ji)在??(zai)此??(ci)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)的??(de)大??(da)批??(pi)封??(feng)建??(jian)??，開??(kai)拓??(tuo)出??(chu)了??(le)空??(kong)前??(qian)廣??(guang)袤??(mao)的??(de)疆??(jiang)域??(yu)??。??特??(te)別??(bie)是??(shi)對(duì)??(dui)燕??(yan)、齊?(qi)、魯??(lu)、晉??(jin)、吳??(wu)等??(deng)諸??(zhu)侯??(hou)國(guó)?(guo)的??(de)封??(feng)建??(jian)??，具??(ju)有??(you)重??(zhong)要??(yao)的??(de)戰(zhàn)?(zhan)略?(lve)意??(yi)義?(yi)和??(he)長(zhǎng)??(chang)遠(yuǎn)??(yuan)眼??(yan)光??(guang)??。周??(zhou)人??(ren)在??(zai)西??(xi)土??(tu)的?(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)??，大??(da)體??(ti)上??(shang)控??(kong)制??(zhi)了?(le)北?(bei)自??(zi)燕??(yan)山??(shan)以??(yi)南??(nan)??，東??(dong)部??(bu)濱??(bin)海??(hai)??，南??(nan)至??(zhi)江??(jiang)淮??(huai)地??(di)區(qū)?(qu)的??(de)大??(da)片??(pian)國(guó)??(guo)土??(tu)??，從??(cong)而??(er)初??(chu)步??(bu)奠??(dian)定?(ding)了??(le)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)古??(gu)代??(dai)統(tǒng)?(tong)一??(yi)的??(de)中??(zhong)原?(yuan)王??(wang)朝??(chao)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地?(di)理?(li)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。王??(wang)國(guó)??(guo)維??(wei)先?(xian)生??(sheng)稱??(cheng)“中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)與??(yu)文??(wen)化??(hua)之?(zhi)變?(bian)革??(ge)??，莫??(mo)劇?(ju)于??(yu)殷??(yin)周??(zhou)之??(zhi)際??(ji)??。”通??(tong)過??(guo)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)的??(de)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)的??(de)、經(jīng)??(jing)濟(jì)??(ji)的?(de)、文??(wen)化??(hua)的??(de)影??(ying)響??(xiang)??，周??(zhou)人??(ren)牢??(lao)牢??(lao)地??(di)控??(kong)制??(zhi)了??(le)千??(qian)里??(li)邦??(bang)畿??(ji)和??(he)遼??(liao)闊??(kuo)的?(de)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)??，并??(bing)在??(zai)此??(ci)背?(bei)景??(jing)下?(xia)??，初??(chu)步??(bu)孕?(yun)育??(yu)了??(le)“溥??(pu)天??(tian)之??(zhi)下??(xia)??，莫??(mo)非??(fei)王??(wang)土??(tu)??，率??(lv)土??(tu)之??(zhi)濱??(bin)??，莫??(mo)非??(fei)王?(wang)臣?(chen)”的?(de)朦??(meng)朧??(long)的??(de)天??(tian)下??(xia)一??(yi)統(tǒng)??(tong)觀??(guan)念??(nian)??。在??(zai)周??(zhou)人??(ren)對(duì)??(dui)千??(qian)里??(li)邦??(bang)畿??(ji)和?(he)四??(si)土?(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)有??(you)效??(xiao)行??(xing)使??(shi)政??(zheng)治?(zhi)、經(jīng)?(jing)濟(jì)??(ji)、軍??(jun)事?(shi)等??(deng)國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)主?(zhu)權(quán)??(quan)的??(de)同??(tong)時(shí)??(shi)??，以??(yi)夏?(xia)、商??(shang)、周?(zhou)為??(wei)主??(zhu)體?(ti)的??(de)族??(zu)群??(qun)在??(zai)與?(yu)周??(zhou)邊??(bian)各??(ge)族??(zu)頻??(pin)繁??(fan)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、經(jīng)??(jing)濟(jì)??(ji)往??(wang)來??(lai)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)交??(jiao)流??(liu)過??(guo)程??(cheng)中??(zhong)??，以??(yi)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)所??(suo)在??(zai)的??(de)黃??(huang)河??(he)中?(zhong)下?(xia)游??(you)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)為??(wei)舞??(wu)臺(tái)??(tai)??，滲??(shen)透??(tou)混??(hun)融??(rong)??，增??(zeng)殖?(zhi)裂??(lie)變??(bian)??，民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合??(he)空??(kong)前??(qian)加??(jia)速??(su)??，為??(wei)漢??(han)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)前?(qian)身??(shen)??，華??(hua)夏??(xia)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)形??(xing)成?(cheng)奠??(dian)定??(ding)了??(le)堅(jiān)??(jian)實(shí)??(shi)的??(de)基?(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。周??(zhou)初??(chu)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)家??(jia)在??(zai)對(duì)??(dui)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)進(jìn)??(jin)行??(xing)控??(kong)制??(zhi)和??(he)管??(guan)理??(li)的??(de)過??(guo)程??(cheng)中?(zhong)??，不??(bu)斷??(duan)汲??(ji)取??(qu)歷??(li)史??(shi)經(jīng)??(jing)驗(yàn)??(yan)教??(jiao)訓(xùn)??(xun)??，“明??(ming)德??(de)慎??(shen)罰??(fa)”??，建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)維??(wei)護(hù)??(hu)西??(xi)周??(zhou)時(shí)??(shi)期??(qi)各??(ge)級(jí)??(ji)等?(deng)級(jí)??(ji)秩??(zhi)序??(xu)的??(de)禮??(li)樂??(le)制??(zhi)度??(du)??。周??(zhou)人??(ren)積??(ji)極??(ji)倡??(chang)導(dǎo)??(dao)并??(bing)長(zhǎng)??(chang)期??(qi)實(shí)??(shi)踐??(jian)的??(de)“德??(de)”的??(de)觀??(guan)念??(nian)及??(ji)影??(ying)響??(xiang)周??(zhou)人??(ren)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文??(wen)化??(hua)等??(deng)方?(fang)方??(fang)面??(mian)面??(mian)的??(de)禮??(li)樂??(le)文??(wen)明??(ming)??，構(gòu)??(gou)成??(cheng)孔?(kong)子秘(zi)仁??(ren)禮??(li)學(xué)??(xue)說?(shuo)的?(de)重??(zhong)要??(yao)源??(yuan)頭??(tou)??，并??(bing)匯??(hui)入??(ru)數(shù)?(shu)千??(qian)年??(nian)來??(lai)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)傳??(chuan)統(tǒng)??(tong)文??(wen)化??(hua)的??(de)主??(zhu)干??(gan)??，成??(cheng)為??(wei)中??(zhong)華??(hua)民??(min)族??(zu)生??(sheng)生??(sheng)不?(bu)息??(xi)、發(fā)??(fa)展??(zhan)壯?(zhuang)大??(da)的??(de)豐??(feng)厚??(hou)滋??(zi)養(yǎng)??(yang)??，支??(zhi)撐??(cheng)著?(zhe)中??(zhong)華??(hua)民??(min)族??(zu)生?(sheng)生??(sheng)不??(bu)息??(xi)??，薪??(xin)火??(huo)相??(xiang)傳??(chuan)??。綜?(zong)上??(shang)可??(ke)知??(zhi)??，西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)才??(cai)可??(ke)以??(yi)稱??(cheng)得??(de)上??(shang)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)學(xué)??(xue)、民??(min)族??(zu)學(xué)?(xue)視??(shi)閾?(yu)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中?(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”??。
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審核：吉尼
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