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　　三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報道

精彩|　　除??(chu)了?(le)“孝??(xiao)”??，儒??(ru)家??(jia)還?(hai)有??(you)很?(hen)多?(duo)思??(si)想??(xiang)理??(li)念??(nian)極?(ji)具??(ju)當(dāng)??(dang)代??(dai)價??(jia)值??(zhi)??，比?(bi)如??(ru)“仁??(ren)”??，這??(zhe)是?(shi)我??(wo)從??(cong)儒??(ru)家??(jia)經(jīng)??(jing)典??(dian)中??(zhong)獲??(huo)取?(qu)的??(de)第??(di)一?(yi)核??(he)心??(xin)?。??今??(jin)天??(tian)仍??(reng)有??(you)許??(xu)多??(duo)中??(zhong)國??(guo)人?(ren)奉??(feng)此?(ci)理??(li)念??(nian)為??(wei)最??(zui)高??(gao)行??(xing)為??(wei)準(zhǔn)??(zhun)則??(ze)?。如??(ru)果?(guo)有??(you)一??(yi)天??(tian)??，社??(she)會??(hui)中??(zhong)的??(de)每??(mei)個??(ge)人??(ren)都??(dou)能??(neng)秉??(bing)持??(chi)這??(zhe)樣??(yang)的??(de)道??(dao)德??(de)情?(qing)懷??(huai)??，世??(shi)界??(jie)將??(jiang)溫?(wen)暖??(nuan)許??(xu)多??(duo)?。(完??(wan))　　寇?(kou)哲??(zhe)明??(ming)：坦??(tan)白?(bai)說??(shuo)??，很??(hen)多??(duo)西??(xi)方??(fang)人??(ren)對??(dui)儒?(ru)家??(jia)思??(si)想??(xiang)存??(cun)有??(you)偏??(pian)見??(jian)??，認(rèn)??(ren)為??(wei)它??(ta)陳?(chen)舊??(jiu)保??(bao)守??(shou)??。??事??(shi)實??(shi)上?(shang)??，儒??(ru)家??(jia)孝??(xiao)文??(wen)化??(hua)在??(zai)中??(zhong)國??(guo)歷??(li)史??(shi)上??(shang)經(jīng)??(jing)歷??(li)了??(le)漫??(man)長??(chang)的??(de)發(fā)??(fa)展??(zhan)??，其??(qi)思?(si)想??(xiang)體??(ti)系??(xi)內(nèi)?(nei)部??(bu)對??(dui)“孝??(xiao)”的??(de)理??(li)解??(jie)是??(shi)不??(bu)斷??(duan)演??(yan)替??(ti)的??(de)??。儒??(ru)家??(jia)思??(si)想??(xiang)精??(jing)髓??(sui)在??(zai)于??(yu)構(gòu)??(gou)建??(jian)理??(li)想??(xiang)社??(she)會??(hui)??，但??(dan)它??(ta)并??(bing)不??(bu)強(qiáng)??(qiang)迫??(po)每??(mei)個??(ge)人??(ren)必??(bi)須??(xu)服??(fu)從??(cong)所??(suo)有??(you)社??(she)會??(hui)“規(guī)??(gui)則??(ze)”??。從??(cong)歷??(li)史??(shi)縱??(zong)向??(xiang)看??(kan)??，因??(yin)為??(wei)儒??(ru)家??(jia)思??(si)想??(xiang)內(nèi)?(nei)核??(he)非??(fei)常??(chang)尊??(zun)重??(zhong)個??(ge)人?(ren)感??(gan)受??(shou)和??(he)個??(ge)人??(ren)反??(fan)思??(si)??，所??(suo)以??(yi)早??(zao)期??(qi)儒??(ru)家??(jia)“孝??(xiao)觀??(guan)”不??(bu)是??(shi)保??(bao)守??(shou)的?(de)盲??(mang)從??(cong)??，也??(ye)不??(bu)是??(shi)盲??(mang)目??(mu)遵?(zun)循??(xun)父??(fu)母??(mu)的??(de)一??(yi)切??(qie)意??(yi)愿??(yuan)??。儒??(ru)家??(jia)先??(xian)賢??(xian)更?(geng)鼓??(gu)勵??(li)人??(ren)們??(men)自??(zi)我??(wo)反??(fan)思?(si)??，從??(cong)內(nèi)??(nei)在??(zai)發(fā)??(fa)現(xiàn)??(xian)問??(wen)題??(ti)后??(hou)約??(yue)束??(shu)言??(yan)行??(xing)??，從??(cong)而??(er)實??(shi)現(xiàn)??(xian)“和??(he)諧?(xie)”的??(de)構(gòu)??(gou)建?(jian)??。他??(ta)們??(men)認(rèn)??(ren)為?(wei)??，“孝?(xiao)”應(yīng)??(ying)該??(gai)是??(shi)天??(tian)性??(xing)自??(zi)然??(ran)的??(de)表??(biao)現(xiàn)??(xian)??，是??(shi)對?(dui)家??(jia)庭?(ting)情??(qing)懷??(huai)的?(de)表??(biao)達(dá)??(da)??。但??(dan)漢??(han)代??(dai)以??(yi)后??(hou)??，社?(she)會??(hui)制??(zhi)度??(du)發(fā)??(fa)生??(sheng)改??(gai)變??(bian)??，制??(zhi)度??(du)層?(ceng)面??(mian)開??(kai)始?(shi)推??(tui)崇??(chong)“二?(er)十??(shi)四?(si)孝??(xiao)”里??(li)的??(de)一??(yi)些??(xie)故??(gu)事??(shi)??，“孝??(xiao)”成??(cheng)為??(wei)一??(yi)種??(zhong)社??(she)會??(hui)要?(yao)求??(qiu)??，漸??(jian)漸?(jian)出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)了??(le)“盲??(mang)從??(cong)孝??(xiao)順??(shun)”的??(de)傾?(qing)向?(xiang)??。直??(zhi)到??(dao)魏??(wei)晉??(jin)時??(shi)期??(qi)??，當(dāng)??(dang)時??(shi)社??(she)會??(hui)又?(you)開??(kai)始??(shi)追??(zhui)思??(si)和??(he)反??(fan)思??(si)漢??(han)代??(dai)“孝?(xiao)觀??(guan)”??，而??(er)后??(hou)又??(you)回??(hui)歸??(gui)到??(dao)“自??(zi)然??(ran)天?(tian)性??(xing)”的??(de)解??(jie)讀??(du)上??(shang)??。

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  學(xué)生學(xué)年楊熊國當(dāng)就國。

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